Polycrystalline diamant compact (PDC) hamwe na PDC ya drill bits yamenyekanye kumasoko mumyaka mirongo. Muri iki gihe kirekire, gukata PDC na PDC biti byahuye nibibazo byinshi mubyiciro byabo byambere, nabyo byateye imbere cyane. Buhorobuhoro ariko amaherezo, bits ya PDC yagiye isimbuza buhoro buhoro ibice bya cone hamwe niterambere rihoraho mugukata kwa PDC, gutuza biti, hamwe na hydraulic bit. PDC bits ubu ifata hejuru ya 90% yamashusho yose yo gucukura kwisi.
PDC Cutter yahimbwe bwa mbere n’amashanyarazi rusange (GE) mu 1971. Cutters ya mbere ya PDC y’inganda za peteroli na gaze yakozwe mu 1973 kandi imaze imyaka 3 igerageza n’ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu murima, yatangijwe mu bucuruzi mu 1976 nyuma yuko bigaragaye ko ari byinshi. gukora neza kuruta guhonyora ibikorwa bya karbide buto bits.
Mubihe byambere, imiterere ya PDC ikata nkiyi: karbide izengurutse, (diameter 8.38mm, uburebure bwa 2.8mm), hamwe na diyama (uburebure bwa 0.5mm idafite chamfer hejuru). Muri kiriya gihe, hari na Compax "slug sisitemu" ikata PDC. Imiterere yiki giceri yari imeze gutya: compax ya PDC yasudira kumashanyarazi ya karbide ya sima kugirango bibe byoroshye gushira kumyuma yumubiri wibyuma, bityo bikazana ibyoroshye kubashushanya biti.
Mu 1973, GE yagerageje PDC yayo ya mbere mu iriba riri mu gace ka King Ranch gaherereye mu majyepfo ya Texas. Mugihe cyo gucukura ibizamini, ikibazo cyogusukura bito byafatwaga nkaho kibaho. Amenyo atatu yananiwe gufatanyirizwa hamwe, andi menyo abiri yamenetse hamwe na karubide ya tungsten. Nyuma, isosiyete yagerageje imyitozo ya kabiri mu gace ka Hudson muri Colorado. Iyi myitozo ya bito yazamuye imiterere ya hydraulic kubibazo byogusukura. Bito yageze kumikorere myiza mumusenyi-shale hamwe numuvuduko wihuse. Ariko hariho gutandukana kwinzira ziteganijwe guteganijwe mugihe cyo gucukura, kandi umubare muto wigihombo cya PDC uracyariho kubera guhuza brazing.
Muri Mata 1974, igeragezwa rya gatatu ryageragejwe mu gace ka San Juan muri Utah, muri Amerika. Iyi biti yazamuye imiterere yinyo nuburyo bwa biti. Bito yasimbuye ibyuma byumubiri wa cone bits mu iriba ryegeranye, ariko nozzle iramanuka kandi biti byangiritse. Muri kiriya gihe, byafatwaga nkibibaho hafi yo kurangiza gucukura kugirango bikorwe, cyangwa ikibazo cyatewe no kugwa.
Kuva mu 1974 kugeza 1976, ibigo bitandukanye bya drill bit na ba rwiyemezamirimo basuzumye iterambere ritandukanye muri PDC. Ibibazo byinshi byariho byibanze kubushakashatsi. Ibisubizo nkibi byubushakashatsi byinjijwe muburyo bwa menyo ya Stratapax PDC, yatangijwe na GE mukuboza 1976.
Guhindura izina kuva kuri Compax kugera kuri Stratapax byafashije gukuraho urujijo mu nganda za biti hagati ya bits hamwe na tungsten carbide compact, na diyama Compax.
Mu myaka ya za 90 rwagati, abantu batangiye gukoresha cyane tekinoroji ya PDC yo guca amenyo, tekinoroji ya chamfer nyinshi yemejwe muburyo bwa patenti mu 1995. Niba tekinoroji ya chamfering ikoreshwa neza, kurwanya kuvunika kwa PDC guca amenyo irashobora kwiyongeraho 100%.
Mu myaka ya za 1980, Isosiyete GE (USA) hamwe na Sosiyete Sumitomo (Ubuyapani) yize ku ikurwa rya cobalt hejuru y’amenyo ya PDC kugira ngo imikorere y’amenyo ikorwe. Ariko ntibageze ku ntsinzi yubucuruzi. Ikoranabuhanga nyuma ryongeye gutezwa imbere kandi rihabwa patenti na Hycalog （USA）. Byaragaragaye ko niba ibikoresho byicyuma bishobora kuvanwa mu cyuho cy’ingano, ituze ry’ubushyuhe bw’amenyo ya PDC rizanozwa cyane ku buryo biti ishobora gucukura neza mu buryo bukomeye kandi butera ubwoba. Ubu buryo bwo kuvanaho cobalt butezimbere kwambara amenyo ya PDC muburyo bukomeye kandi butera kwagura porogaramu ya PDC.
Guhera mu 2000, ikoreshwa rya PDC bits ryagutse vuba. Imiterere idashobora gucukurwa na bits ya PDC yagiye buhoro buhoro ibasha gucukurwa mubukungu kandi byizewe hamwe na bits ya PDC.
Kuva mu 2004, mu nganda za biti, amafaranga yinjira mu isoko ya PDC ya drill yatwaye hafi 50%, naho intera yo gucukura igera kuri 60%. Iri terambere rirakomeza kugeza na nubu. Hafi ya zose zikoreshwa muri Amerika ya ruguru yo gucukura ni PDC bits.
Muri make, kuva yatangizwa mu myaka ya za 70 kandi ikagira iterambere ryayo ryambere buhoro, abakata PDC batezimbere buhoro buhoro iterambere ryiterambere ryinganda zinganda zo gucukura peteroli na gaze no gucukura. Ingaruka z'ikoranabuhanga rya PDC ku nganda zicukura ni nini.
Abinjira bashya ku isoko ryiza rya PDC ryiza ryo guca amenyo, kimwe n’amasosiyete akomeye yo gucukura, bakomeje kuyobora ivugurura no guhanga udushya twibikoresho bishya ndetse nuburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro kugirango imikorere ya PDC ikata amenyo hamwe na bits ya PDC ishobora gukomeza kunozwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-07-2023