Uduce duto twa diyama twa polycrystalline (PDC) na PDC two gucukura tumaze imyaka myinshi tugera ku isoko. Muri iki gihe kirekire PDC cutter na PDC drill bit byahuye n'ibibazo byinshi mu ntangiriro zabyo, nabyo byagize iterambere rikomeye. Buhoro buhoro, PDC bits zagiye zisimbura uduce duto tw’ibumba, zikomeza kunoza PDC cutter, bit stability, na bit hydraulic structure. PDC bits ubu zifata 90% by'ibishushanyo byose byo gucukura ku isi.
PDC Cutter yavumbuwe bwa mbere na General Electric (GE) mu 1971. PDC Cutters za mbere zo mu nganda za peteroli na gaze zakozwe mu 1973 kandi zimaze imyaka 3 zigeragezwa kandi zigakoreshwa mu bucuruzi, zashyizwe mu bucuruzi mu 1976 nyuma yo kugaragara ko zikora neza kurusha ibikorwa byo gusya utubuto twa carbide.
Mu gihe cya kera, imiterere y'icyuma gikata PDC imeze itya: umutwe wa karubide uzengurutse, (umurambararo wa 8.38mm, ubugari bwa 2.8mm), n'urwego rwa diyama (ubugari bwa 0.5mm nta chamfer hejuru). Icyo gihe, hari kandi icyuma gikata PDC cya Compax "slug system". Imiterere y'iki gikata yari imeze itya: icyuma gikata PDC cyasudiraga ku cyuma gikonjeshwa na sima kugira ngo byorohe gushyira ku cyuma gikonjeshwa, bityo bikazana uburyo bworoshye bwo gushushanya icyuma gikonjeshwa.
Mu 1973, GE yagerageje igice cyayo cya mbere cya PDC mu iriba riri mu gace ka King Ranch mu majyepfo ya Texas. Mu gihe cyo gucukura, hatekerejwe ko hari ikibazo cyo gusukura igice. Amenyo atatu yananiwe ku gice cy’icyuma, andi menyo abiri yavunitse hamwe n’igice cya tungsten carbide. Nyuma, ikigo cyagerageje ikindi gice cy’icyuma mu gace ka Hudson muri Colorado. Iki gice cy’icyuma cyanogeje imiterere y’amazi mu kibazo cyo gusukura. Iki gice cyagize umusaruro mwiza mu miterere y’amabuye y’umucanga hamwe n’umuvuduko wo gucukura vuba. Ariko hari itandukaniro rinini hagati y’inzira y’amazi yateguwe mu gihe cyo gucukura, kandi hari igihombo gito cy’ibikoresho bya PDC byatakaye bitewe n’aho icyuma gihurira.
Muri Mata 1974, agace ka gatatu k'imashini kageragejwe mu gace ka San Juan muri Utah, muri Amerika. Aka gace kanogeje imiterere y'amenyo n'imiterere yayo. Agace kasigayemo uduce tw'icyuma twari mu mwobo uri iruhande, ariko agace karagwa maze agace karangirika. Icyo gihe, byafatwaga nk'aho kabaye hafi y'iherezo ryo gucukura kugira ngo habeho imiterere ikomeye, cyangwa ikibazo cyatewe n'agace kagwa.
Kuva mu 1974 kugeza mu 1976, ibigo bitandukanye byo gucukura ibyuma n'abacuruzi basuzumaga iterambere ritandukanye mu gukata PDC. Ibibazo byinshi byari bihari byibanze ku bushakashatsi. Ibyo byavuye mu bushakashatsi byashyizwe mu menyo ya Stratapax PDC, yatangijwe na GE mu Kuboza 1976.
Ihinduka ry'izina rya Compax riva kuri Stratapax ryafashije gukuraho urujijo mu nganda za bit hagati ya bits na tungsten carbide compacts, na diamond Compax.
Hagati mu myaka ya za 90, abantu batangiye gukoresha cyane ikoranabuhanga ryo gukata amenyo ya PDC, ikoranabuhanga rya multi-chamfer ryakoreshejwe mu buryo bwa patenti mu 1995. Iyo ikoranabuhanga ryo gukata amenyo rikoreshejwe neza, ubushobozi bwo kudacika kw'amenyo ya PDC bushobora kwiyongeraho 100%.
Mu myaka ya 1980, ikigo cya GE (USA) na Sumitomo Company (Ubuyapani) byize ku gukuraho kobalti mu menyo ya PDC kugira ngo binoze imikorere y'amenyo. Ariko ntabwo byageze ku ntsinzi mu bucuruzi. Nyuma ikoranabuhanga ryaje kongera gukorwa kandi rihabwa uburenganzira na Hycalog (USA). Byagaragaye ko niba ibikoresho by'icyuma bishobora gukurwa mu cyuho cy'ingano, ubushyuhe bw'amenyo ya PDC buzarushaho kunozwa ku buryo igice gishobora gucukura neza mu misemburo ikomeye kandi ikaze. Iri koranabuhanga ryo gukuraho kobalti rinoza uburyo amenyo ya PDC adashira mu misemburo ikomeye kandi ikaze cyane, kandi rirushaho kwagura urwego rw'imikoreshereze y'amenyo ya PDC.
Guhera mu 2000, ikoreshwa ry'uduce twa PDC ryariyongereye cyane. Imiterere idashobora gucukurwa hakoreshejwe uduce twa PDC yagiye ibasha gucukurwa buhoro buhoro mu buryo buciriritse kandi bwizewe hakoreshejwe uduce twa PDC.
Kugeza mu 2004, mu nganda zikora ibikoresho byo gucukura, inyungu ku isoko y’ibikoresho byo gucukura bya PDC yari hafi 50%, kandi intera yo gucukura yageze hafi kuri 60%. Iri zamuka rirakomeje kugeza na n'ubu. Hafi ya byose bikoreshwa muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru mu gucukura ni ibikoresho byo gucukura bya PDC.
Muri make, kuva yatangizwa mu myaka ya za 70 kandi ikagira iterambere rito, abaca uduce twa PDC bagiye bateza imbere iterambere rihoraho ry’inganda zikora ibicukurwa mu bushakashatsi no gucukura peteroli na gaze. Ingaruka z’ikoranabuhanga rya PDC ku nganda zikora ibicukurwa ni nini cyane.
Abashya binjira mu isoko ry’amenyo yo gukata amenyo ya PDC yo mu rwego rwo hejuru, ndetse n’ibigo bikomeye byo gucukura, bakomeje kuyobora ivugurura n’udushya mu bikoresho bishya n’uburyo bwo kuyatunganya kugira ngo imikorere y’amenyo yo gukata amenyo ya PDC n’uduce two gucukura amenyo ya PDC ikomeze kunozwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mata-07-2023