Nigute ushobora kumenya isuzuma rya moderi ya PDC bit ROP n'ingaruka z'imbaraga z'urutare kuri coefficient y'icyitegererezo?

Ibisobanuro

Ibiciro bya peteroli biriho ubu byongeye gushimangira uburyo bwo gucukura hagamijwe gutakaza igihe cyo gucukura amariba ya peteroli na gaze no kugabanya ibiciro byakazi. Igipimo cyo kwinjira (ROP) icyitegererezo nigikoresho cyingenzi mugutezimbere ibipimo byo gucukura, aribyo uburemere buke n'umuvuduko wo kuzenguruka byihuse. Hamwe nigitabo, amashusho yimikorere yose yerekana amashusho hamwe nigikoresho cyo kwerekana imiterere ya ROP yatejwe imbere muri Excel VBA, ROPPlotter, iki gikorwa kirasesengura imikorere yicyitegererezo ningaruka zimbaraga zurutare kuri coefficient zicyitegererezo cyibintu bibiri bitandukanye bya PDC Bit ROP: Hareland na Rampersad (1994) na Motahhari n'abandi. (2010). Ibi byombi PDC bit icyitegererezo kigereranwa nurubanza shingiro, isano rusange ya ROP yatejwe imbere na Bingham (1964) mubice bitatu bitandukanye byumucanga mubice bihagaritse igice cya vertical ya Bakken shale itambitse. Ku nshuro yambere, hageragejwe gutandukanya ingaruka zingufu zinyuranye zubutare kuri coefficient ya ROP ukoresheje iperereza rya lithologiya hamwe nibindi bikoresho bisa. Byongeye kandi, ikiganiro cyuzuye ku kamaro ko guhitamo imipaka ikwiye yerekana imipaka ikorwa. Imbaraga z'urutare, zibarizwa muri moderi ya Hareland na Motahhari ariko ntabwo ziri muri Bingham, bivamo indangagaciro zo hejuru za coefficient zihoraho zigwiza moderi zahozeho, hiyongereyeho imvugo ya RPM yiyongera kuri moderi ya Motahhari. Icyitegererezo cya Hareland na Rampersad cyerekanwe gukora neza muri moderi eshatu hamwe niyi mibare yihariye. Imikorere nuburyo bukoreshwa muburyo bwa gakondo bwa ROP bwibazwaho ibibazo, kubera ko izo ngero zishingiye kumurongo wa coefficient zifatika zirimo ingaruka zimpamvu nyinshi zo gucukura zitabariwemo muburyo bw'icyitegererezo kandi zihariye kuri lithologiya runaka.

Intangiriro

PDC (Polycrystalline Diamond Compact) bits nubwoko bwiganjemo bito ikoreshwa mugucukura peteroli na gaze muri iki gihe. Imikorere ya biti isanzwe ipimwa nigipimo cyo kwinjira (ROP), byerekana uburyo iriba ryacukuwe byihuse ukurikije uburebure bwumwobo wacukuwe kumwanya umwe. Gutezimbere gucukura byabaye ku isonga muri gahunda z’amasosiyete y’ingufu mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo, kandi bigira akamaro kanini mu bihe biri hasi y’ibiciro bya peteroli (Hareland na Rampersad, 1994). Intambwe yambere mugutezimbere ibipimo byogucukura kugirango bitange umusaruro mwiza ushoboka ROP niterambere ryikitegererezo nyacyo kijyanye n'ibipimo byabonetse hejuru kurwego rwo gucukura.

Moderi nyinshi za ROP, harimo na moderi yatunganijwe kubwoko runaka, byasohotse mubitabo. Izi moderi za ROP mubusanzwe zirimo umubare wibintu bifatika bifatika biterwa na lithologiya kandi bishobora kubangamira gusobanukirwa isano iri hagati yibipimo byo gucukura nigipimo cyo kwinjira. Intego yubu bushakashatsi nugusesengura imikorere yicyitegererezo nuburyo coefficient yicyitegererezo isubiza amakuru yumurima hamwe nibintu bitandukanye byo gucukura, cyane cyane imbaraga zubutare, kubiriPDC bit icyitegererezo (Hareland na Rampersad, 1994, Motahhari n'abandi., 2010). Coefficient nicyitegererezo nayo igereranwa nurubanza shingiro ROP (Bingham, 1964), umubano woroheje wabaye moderi ya mbere ya ROP ikoreshwa henshi mu nganda kandi n'ubu iracyakoreshwa. Gucukura amakuru yumurima mubice bitatu byumusenyi hamwe nimbaraga zinyuranye zubutare birakorwaho iperereza, kandi coefficient zicyitegererezo kuri ziriya moderi eshatu zirabaze kandi zigereranywa nizindi. Hateganijwe ko coefficient zerekana imiterere ya Hareland na Motahhari muri buri kibumbano kizarenga intera ndende ugereranije na coefficient ya Bingham, kuko imbaraga zinyuranye zitabaruwe muburyo bwa nyuma. Imikorere yicyitegererezo nayo irasuzumwa, biganisha ku guhitamo icyitegererezo cyiza cya ROP mukarere ka Bakken shale muri Dakota ya ruguru.

Moderi ya ROP ikubiye muriyi mirimo igizwe nuburinganire budahuza bujyanye nibice bike byo gucukura nigipimo cyo gucukura kandi bikubiyemo urwego rwimikorere ihuza imbaraga zoguhuza imbaraga zogukora ingero, nka hydraulics, imikoranire ya rutare, biti igishushanyo, ibiranga inteko yo hepfo, ubwoko bwibyondo, no gusukura umwobo. Nubwo ubu buryo bwa ROP gakondo budakora neza mugihe ugereranije namakuru yo mumurima, butanga intambwe yingenzi kuburyo bushya bwo kwerekana imiterere. Ibigezweho, bikomeye cyane, imibare ishingiye kumibare hamwe nubwiyongere bworoshye irashobora kunoza ukuri kwicyitegererezo cya ROP. Gandelman (2012) yatangaje ko yazamutse cyane mu kwerekana imiterere ya ROP akoresheje imiyoboro y’imitsi ikoreshwa aho gukoresha imiterere gakondo ya ROP mu mariba ya peteroli mu kibaya cyabanjirije umunyu ku nkombe za Berezile. Imiyoboro yubukorikori nayo ikoreshwa neza muburyo bwo guhanura ROP mubikorwa bya Bilgesu nabandi. (1997), Moran n'abandi. (2010) na Esmaeili n'abandi. (2012). Ariko, iryo terambere muburyo bwa ROP riza kubiciro byo gusobanurwa. Kubwibyo, imiterere gakondo ya ROP iracyafite akamaro kandi itanga uburyo bwiza bwo gusesengura uburyo ikintu cyihariye cyo gucukura kigira ingaruka ku gipimo cyo kwinjira.

ROPPlotter, amashusho yerekana amashusho hamwe na software yerekana imiterere ya ROP yatunganijwe muri Microsoft Excel VBA (Soares, 2015), ikoreshwa mukubara coefficient yicyitegererezo no kugereranya imikorere yicyitegererezo.