Ni gute wamenya isuzuma rya moderi za PDC bit ROP n'ingaruka z'imbaraga z'amabuye ku bipimo by'ingero?

Incamake

Imiterere y’ibiciro bya peteroli biri hasi ubu yongeye gushyira imbaraga mu kunoza ubucukuzi kugira ngo hagabanuke igihe cyo gucukura amariba ya peteroli na gazi no kugabanya ikiguzi cy’imikorere. Icyitegererezo cy’umuvuduko wo kwinjira (ROP) ni igikoresho cy’ingenzi mu kunoza ibipimo byo gucukura, ni ukuvuga uburemere bwa biti n’umuvuduko wo kuzenguruka kugira ngo ibikorwa byo gucukura byihute. Hamwe n’igikoresho gishya cyo kwerekana amakuru cyikora kandi gikoresha uburyo bwa ROP cyakozwe muri Excel VBA, ROPPlotter, iki gikorwa gisuzuma imikorere y’icyitegererezo n’ingaruka z’imbaraga z’amabuye ku bipimo by’icyitegererezo by’icyitegererezo bibiri bitandukanye bya PDC Bit ROP: Hareland na Rampersad (1994) na Motahhari et al. (2010). Ibi bibiri Igice cya PDC Ingero zigereranywa ugereranije n’urugero rw’ibanze, isano rusange ya ROP yakozwe na Bingham (1964) mu miterere itatu itandukanye y’amabuye y’umucanga mu gice gihagaze cy’iriba rya Bakken shale ritambitse. Ku nshuro ya mbere, hagerageje gutandukanya ingaruka z’imbaraga zitandukanye z’amabuye ku miterere ya ROP binyuze mu gusesengura litologie zifite ibipimo bisa byo gucukura. Byongeye kandi, habayeho ikiganiro kirambuye ku kamaro ko guhitamo imipaka ya coefficients ikwiye y’icyitegererezo. Ingufu z’ibuye, zivugwa muri moderi za Hareland na Motahhari ariko ntizivugwa muri Bingham, zituma habaho agaciro kanini k’imiterere ya coefficients ihoraho y’icyitegererezo cya kera, hiyongereyeho RPM term exponent yiyongera kuri moderi ya Motahhari. Moderi ya Hareland na Rampersad igaragazwa ko ikora neza muri moderi eshatu zifite iyi mibare yihariye. Ingufu n’ikoreshwa rya moderi gakondo ya ROP birashidikanywaho, kuko bene izo moderi zishingira ku miterere ya coefficients ishingiye ku ngaruka z’ibintu byinshi byo gucukura bitavuzwe mu miterere ya moderi kandi bikaba byihariye kuri litologie runaka.

Intangiriro

Uduce twa PDC (Polycrystalline Diamond Compact) ni two duce twiganjemo uduce dukoreshwa mu gucukura peteroli na gaze muri iki gihe. Imikorere ya bit ikunze gupimwa n'umuvuduko wo kwinjira (ROP), ikimenyetso cy'uburyo iriba ricukurwa vuba ukurikije uburebure bw'imyobo icukurwa kuri buri gice. Gutunganya ubucukuzi byagiye biri ku isonga mu ngengo z'imari mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo ishize, kandi birushaho kugira akamaro muri iki gihe cy'ibiciro bya peteroli biri hasi (Hareland na Rampersad, 1994). Intambwe ya mbere mu kunoza ibipimo byo gucukura kugira ngo haboneke ROP nziza ishoboka ni uguteza imbere icyitegererezo cy'ibipimo nyabyo bijyana n'igipimo cyabonetse ku buso n'igipimo cyo gucukura.

Imiterere myinshi ya ROP, harimo n'imiterere yakozwe by'umwihariko ku bwoko runaka bwa biti, yasohotse mu nyandiko. Ubusanzwe iyi miterere ya ROP ikubiyemo ibipimo byinshi by'ubuhanga bishingiye ku buhanga kandi bishobora kwangiza imyumvire y'isano iri hagati y'ibipimo byo gucukura n'umuvuduko w'injira. Intego y'ubu bushakashatsi ni ugusesengura imikorere y'imiterere n'uburyo ibipimo by'imiterere byakira amakuru yo mu murima hamwe n'ibipimo bitandukanye byo gucukura, cyane cyane imbaraga z'amabuye, kuri bibiriIgice cya PDC moderi (Hareland na Rampersad, 1994, Motahhari et al., 2010). Ibipimo n'imikorere bya moderi nabyo bigereranywa ugereranije na moderi ya ROP y'ibanze (Bingham, 1964), isano yoroshye yabaye moderi ya mbere ya ROP ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda kandi iracyakoreshwa ubu. Amakuru yo gucukura mu miterere itatu y'amabuye y'umucanga afite imbaraga zitandukanye z'amabuye arasuzumwa, kandi ibipimo by'imiterere kuri izi moderi eshatu birabarwa kandi bikagereranywa. Bivugwa ko ibipimo by'imiterere ya moderi ya Hareland na Motahhari muri buri miterere y'amabuye bizagera ku rugero runini kuruta ibipimo by'imiterere bya Bingham, kuko imbaraga zitandukanye z'amabuye zitagaragazwa neza mu buryo bweruye mu miterere ya nyuma. Imikorere ya moderi nayo irasuzumwa, bigatuma hatoranywa moderi nziza ya ROP mu karere ka Bakken shale muri Dakota y'Amajyaruguru.

Imiterere ya ROP iri muri iki gikorwa igizwe n'ibigereranyo bidahinduka bifitanye isano n'ibipimo bike byo gucukura n'umuvuduko wo gucukura kandi bikubiyemo urutonde rw'ibipimo by'ubuhanga bihuza ingaruka z'uburyo bwo gucukura bukomeye, nka hydraulics, intera hagati y'amabuye, igishushanyo mbonera cy'ibice, imiterere yo guteranya umwobo wo hasi, ubwoko bw'ibyondo, no gusukura umwobo. Nubwo izi miterere gakondo za ROP muri rusange zidakora neza iyo ugereranije n'amakuru yo mu murima, zitanga intambwe y'ingenzi ku buryo bushya bwo gushushanya. Imiterere igezweho, ikomeye cyane, ishingiye ku mibare hamwe n'uburyo bworoshye bwo gushushanya ROP ishobora kunoza ukuri kwa ROP. Gandelman (2012) yavuze ko iterambere rikomeye mu gushushanya ROP binyuze mu gukoresha imiyoboro y'ubwonko bw'ubukorano aho gukoresha imiyoboro gakondo ya ROP mu byobo bya peteroli mu bibaya byabanje gucukurwa mu nyanja ya Brezili. Imiyoboro y'ubwonko bw'ubukorano nayo ikoreshwa neza mu guhanura ROP mu mirimo ya Bilgesu et al. (1997), Moran et al. (2010) na Esmaeili et al. (2012). Ariko, iterambere nk'iryo mu gushushanya ROP riterwa no gusesengura ingero. Bityo rero, moderi gakondo za ROP ziracyafite akamaro kandi zitanga uburyo bwiza bwo gusesengura uburyo parameter runaka yo gucukura igira ingaruka ku muvuduko wo kwinjira.

ROPPlotter, porogaramu yo kwerekana amakuru yo mu murima na porogaramu yo kwerekana ibishushanyo bya ROP yakozwe muri Microsoft Excel VBA (Soares, 2015), ikoreshwa mu kubara ibipimo by'icyitegererezo no kugereranya imikorere y'icyitegererezo.